Basic Detail of Power Factor

  Power Factor
What is Power Factor ?

It is the ratio of the active power of the fundamental wave the apparent power of  the fundamental waveform 
 
Cause:
 
 Inductive load which cause large difference of phase angle between current and voltage,Varying load,  industrial heating furnace, harmonic currents, electrical discharge lamp, AC motor, arc welder, furnaces, fluorescent lighting and air conditioning.

Effect:
  • overheating of motor and poor lightening.
 
 Power factor correction:

  • This is normally achieved by the addition of capacitors to the electrical network which compensate the active power.
  • To reduce losses in the distribution system, and to reduce the clectricity bill, power factor correction, usually in the form of capacitors, is added to neutralize as ch of the magnetizing current as possible.
  • Capacitor included leads the voltage, producing a leading power factor.
  • The corrected power factor will be 0.92 to 0.95.
Why to improve Power factor?
  • If we use high power factor Reduction of I2 R losses in transformers and distribution equipment
  • Reduction of voltage drop in long cables
  • Extended equipment life
  • Extra kVA available from the existing supply
  • Increases the efficiency by reduction in power consumption
  • PF can be improved by (i) adding capacitor in parallel with the connect during the time of installation (ii) adding static power factor correction
 
 Benefits of Power factor correction:

  1. Improved energy efficiency
  2. reduced system currents and kW losses
  3. Increase system load without the invest in additional infrastructur
  4. Environmentally friendly - reduced kWh losses mean that less power ne generated, so less CO2 is produced
  5. Increased equipment life


 

 

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